This article investigates the ill understood notion of closeness in retailing. Using a qualitative study with 69 semi-structured interviews, we show how retailers as well as consumers relate to
As a result of global firms´ efforts to build international brands, the foreign brand expansion into new geographies have threatened local brands´ businesses. Interestingly, some local brands have
In addition to produce their own brands, dual-brand firms also supply private labels for particular retailers. Some leading Spanish brands such as Don Simón, Mahou and Carbonell, have been involved
The implementation of private labels in retailers’ assortments has tremendously increased within the last years due to private labels’ positive effect on customers’ store loyalty and store
Investors, analysts, and regulators argue for greater disclosure of non-financial metrics, such as customer metrics. In contrast, managers typically complain that they are costly to report and reveal